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header
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)
header — Send a raw HTTP header
Description
header() is used to send a raw header. See the » HTTP/1.1 specification for more information on headers.
Remember that header() must be called before any actual output is sent, either by normal HTML tags, blank lines in a file, or from PHP. It is a very common error to read code with include, or require, functions, or another file access function, and have spaces or empty lines that are output before header() is called. The same problem exists when using a single PHP/HTML file.
Parameters
The header string.
There are two special-case header calls. The first is a header that starts with the string "" (case is not significant), which will be used to figure out the HTTP status code to send. For example, if you have configured Apache to use a PHP script to handle requests for missing files (using the directive), you may want to make sure that your script generates the proper status code.
The second special case is the "Location:" header. Not only does it send this header back to the browser, but it also returns a (302) status code to the browser unless the or a status code has already been set.
The optional parameter indicates whether the header should replace a previous similar header, or add a second header of the same type. By default it will replace, but if you pass in as the second argument you can force multiple headers of the same type. For example:
Forces the HTTP response code to the specified value. Note that this parameter only has an effect if the is not empty.
Return Values
No value is returned.
Examples
Example #1 Download dialog
If you want the user to be prompted to save the data you are sending, such as a generated PDF file, you can use the » Content-Disposition header to supply a recommended filename and force the browser to display the save dialog.
Example #2 Caching directives
PHP scripts often generate dynamic content that must not be cached by the client browser or any proxy caches between the server and the client browser. Many proxies and clients can be forced to disable caching with:
Note:
You may find that your pages aren't cached even if you don't output all of the headers above. There are a number of options that users may be able to set for their browser that change its default caching behavior. By sending the headers above, you should override any settings that may otherwise cause the output of your script to be cached.
Additionally, session_cache_limiter() and the configuration setting can be used to automatically generate the correct caching-related headers when sessions are being used.
Notes
Note:
Headers will only be accessible and output when a SAPI that supports them is in use.
Note:
You can use output buffering to get around this problem, with the overhead of all of your output to the browser being buffered in the server until you send it. You can do this by calling ob_start() and ob_end_flush() in your script, or setting the configuration directive on in your or server configuration files.
Note:
The HTTP status header line will always be the first sent to the client, regardless of the actual header() call being the first or not. The status may be overridden by calling header() with a new status line at any time unless the HTTP headers have already been sent.
Note:
There is a bug in Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.01 that prevents this from working. There is no workaround. There is also a bug in Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5 that interferes with this, which can be resolved by upgrading to Service Pack 2 or later.
Note:
Most contemporary clients accept relative s as argument to » Location:, but some older clients require an absolute URI including the scheme, hostname and absolute path. You can usually use , and dirname() to make an absolute URI from a relative one yourself:
Note:
Session ID is not passed with Location header even if session.use_trans_sid is enabled. It must by passed manually using constant.
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